now that we are justified through faith. Lit., “justified from faith,” expressed by the aor. pass. ptc., which connotes the once-for-all action of Christ Jesus on behalf of humanity. What is stated at the beginning of this verse is a summation of the latter section of part A, especially of 3:22–26. The mention of dikaiōsis in 4:25 is picked up now by the ptc. dikaiōthentes. Thus justification forms the basis of the further development of Paul’s thought about Christian life and its destiny. Justification